Model any commercial mortgage in 30 seconds — payment, balloon, total interest. Handles 25/5, 25/7, 30/10, SBA 504, and bridge structures across owner-occupied, investment, and special-use CRE.
Standard amortization: M = P × (r(1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n − 1), where P is loan amount, r is monthly rate, n is amortization in months. Most commercial mortgages amortize over 20–30 years but balloon in 5, 7, or 10 years — meaning you refinance or sell before the loan fully amortizes.
Bank CRE: 6.5–8.5%. SBA 504: 6–7.5% (CDC portion fixed). Bridge / private: 8.5–13%. Life company / agency (Fannie/Freddie multifamily): 5.5–7%. Rates float over the corresponding index (Treasury, SOFR, or Prime) plus a spread.
Owner-occupied SBA 504: 10% (15% for startups). Conventional owner-occupied: 15–25%. Investment CRE: 25–35%. Special-use property (hotel, gas station, self-storage): 30–40%. Summit structures stacks (senior + mezz + seller) to reach 85–90% combined LTV.
Amortization is the schedule used to calculate the monthly payment (often 25–30 years). Term is how long the loan actually lasts before the balloon (often 5, 7, or 10 years). A 25/5 loan has 25-year amortization with a 5-year balloon — low payment, but refi risk.
Debt Service Coverage Ratio = net operating income ÷ annual debt service. Lenders typically require 1.20–1.30x for stabilized CRE and 1.25x+ for owner-occupied. Below 1.20x usually means the deal needs more equity, a lower rate, or a longer amortization.